![]() ![]() This model will shed light on the neurobiological substrate underlying cannabinoid addiction.Ĭannabis sativa derivatives are the most used illicit drugs worldwide, with an increased consumption over the recent years. This model included the chemogenetic inhibition of neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex to the nucleus accumbens pathway to assess the neurobiological substrate of cannabinoid addiction. Therefore, we have established a novel and reliable model to study the neurobiological correlates underlying the resilience or vulnerability to develop cannabinoid addiction. We found that 35.6% of mice developed the criteria of cannabinoid addiction, allowing to differentiate between resilient and vulnerable mice. ![]() This model also allows to measure two parameters that have been related with the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of craving, resistance to extinction and reinstatement, and two phenotypic traits suggested as predisposing factors, impulsivity and sensitivity to reward. This model allows to evaluate the addiction criteria by grouping them into 1) persistence of response during a period of non-availability of the drug, 2) motivation for WIN 55,212–2 with a progressive ratio, and 3) compulsivity when the reward is associated with a punishment such as an electric foot-shock, in agreement with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5). We have established for the first time a mouse model of cannabinoid addiction using WIN 55,212–2 intravenous self-administration (0.0125 mg/kg/infusion) in C57Bl/6J mice. 3Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.2Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.1Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.4 (1994) 263.María del Mar Cajiao-Manrique 1 Rafael Maldonado 1,2* † Elena Martín-García 1,2,3* † Rodan (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1996) p. Liu, in “Principles of Bone Biology”, edited by J. Stein, in “Principles of Bone Biology”, edited by J.P. Martin, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993) p. Ng, in “Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology”, edited by J. Miki, in “Encyclopaedic Handbook of Biomaterials and Bioengineering”, edited by D. Howe, in “Handbook of Biomaterials Evaluation”, vol. Kawahara, in “Encyclopaedic Handbook of Biomaterials and Bioengineering”, edited by D. Williams (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1981) p. Pedley, in “Fundamental Aspects of Biocompatibility”, edited by D. Albrektsson (Quintessence, Chicago, 1985) p. Branemark, in “Introdution to Osseointegration”, edited by P.-I. Williams, in “Fundamental Aspects of Biocompatibility”, edited by D. ![]() ![]() The best biological performance was found in the blasted samples treated with the hydrofluoric acid solution, which could be related to the characteristic microtopography of these samples that presented a homogeneous and smooth roughness.ĭ. Only the blasted samples treated with the acid solutions allowed seeded bone marrow cells to form a mineralized extracellular matrix. The samples treated with the hydrofluoric acid solution presented higher alkaline phosphatase activity. Cells proliferated very well on all the titanium surfaces and cell growth was observed during approximately two to three weeks. Bone marrow cells seeded on the different titanium samples showed a similar pattern of behavior during cell attachment and spreading. The hydrofluoric acid solution was more effective than the sulphuric acid solution in smoothing titanium surface and also in eliminating aluminum contamination resulting from the blasting process. Mechanically treated samples presented different R a values and surface morphology. The biological performance of the prepared surfaces was evaluated using human bone marrow osteoblastic cell cultures. Titanium samples of different roughness R a and morphology were prepared using a combination of mechanical (grinding with a SiC paper or blasting with aluminum oxide particles with 65 or 250 μm) and chemical (attack with a sulphuric acid based solution or a hydrofluoric acid based solution) treatments. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |